30 Seconds of Java

Inspired by 30 seconds of code, this is a collection of reusable tested copy-pasteable Java 11 compatible code snippets that you can understand in 30 seconds or less. If you're interested in contributing to this library, please see the instructions.

Algorithm

Quicksort

  public static void quickSort(int[] arr, int left, int right) {
    var pivotIndex = left + (right - left) / 2;
    var pivotValue = arr[pivotIndex];
    var i = left;
    var j = right;
    while (i <= j) {
      while (arr[i] < pivotValue) {
        i++;
      }
      while (arr[j] > pivotValue) {
        j--;
      }
      if (i <= j) {
        var tmp = arr[i];
        arr[i] = arr[j];
        arr[j] = tmp;
        i++;
        j--;
      }
      if (left < i) {
        quickSort(arr, left, j);
      }
      if (right > i) {
        quickSort(arr, i, right);
      }
    }
  }

Bubblesort

  public static void bubbleSort(int[] arr) {
    var lastIndex = arr.length - 1;

    for(var j = 0; j < lastIndex; j++) {
      for(var i = 0; i < lastIndex - j; i++) {
        if(arr[i] > arr[i + 1]) {
          var tmp = arr[i];
          arr[i] = arr[i + 1];
          arr[i + 1] = tmp;
        }
      }
    }
  }

Selectionsort

  public static void selectionSort(int[] arr) {
    var len = arr.length;
        
    for (var i = 0; i < len - 1; i++) {
      var minIndex = i;
        
      for (var j = i + 1; j < len; j++) {
        if(arr[j] < arr[minIndex])
          minIndex = j;
      }
        
      var tmp = arr[minIndex];
      arr[minIndex] = arr[i];
      arr[i] = tmp;
    }
  }

InsertionSort

  public static void insertionSort(int[] arr) {
    for (var i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {
      var tmp = arr[i];
      var j = i - 1;

      while (j >= 0 && arr[j] > tmp) {
        arr[j + 1] = arr[j];
        j--;
      }
      arr[j + 1] = tmp;
    }
  }

CountingSort

  public static void countingSort(int[] arr) {
    var max = Arrays.stream(arr).max().getAsInt();

    var count = new int[max + 1];

    for (var num : arr) {
      count[num]++;
    }

    for (var i = 1; i <= max; i++) {
      count[i] += count[i - 1];
    }

    var sorted = new int[arr.length];
    for (var i = arr.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      var cur = arr[i];
      sorted[count[cur] - 1] = cur;
      count[cur]--;
    }

    var index = 0;
    for (var num : sorted) {
      arr[index++] = num;
    }
  }

Array

Generic two array concatenation

  public static <T> T[] arrayConcat(T[] first, T[] second) {
    var result = Arrays.copyOf(first, first.length + second.length);
    System.arraycopy(second, 0, result, first.length, second.length);
    return result;
  }

Generic N array concatenation

  public static <T> T[] nArrayConcat(T[] first, T[]... rest) {
    var totalLength = first.length;
    for (var array : rest) {
      totalLength += array.length;
    }
    var result = Arrays.copyOf(first, totalLength);
    var offset = first.length;
    for (var array : rest) {
      System.arraycopy(array, 0, result, offset, array.length);
      offset += array.length;
    }
    return result;
  }

Check if all elements of array are equal

  public static <T> boolean allEqual(T[] arr) {
    return Arrays.stream(arr).distinct().count() == 1;
  }

Find mean of integer array

  public static double arrayMean(int[] arr) {
    return (double) Arrays.stream(arr).sum() / arr.length;
  }

Find median of integer array

  public static double arrayMedian(int[] arr) {
    Arrays.sort(arr);
    var mid = arr.length / 2;
    return arr.length % 2 != 0 ? (double) arr[mid] : (double) (arr[mid] + arr[mid - 1]) / 2;
  }

Find sum of integer array

  public static int arraySum(int[] arr) {
    return Arrays.stream(arr).sum();
  }

Find maximum integer from the array

  public static int findMax(int[] arr) {
    return Arrays.stream(arr).reduce(Integer.MIN_VALUE, Integer::max);
  }

Encoding

Base64 encode string

  public static String encodeBase64(String input) {
    return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(input.getBytes());
  }

Base64 decode string

  public static String decodeBase64(String input) {
    return new String(Base64.getDecoder().decode(input.getBytes()));
  }

File

List directories

  public static File[] listDirectories(String path) {
    return new File(path).listFiles(File::isDirectory);
  }

List files in directory

  public static File[] listFilesInDirectory(final File folder) {
    return folder.listFiles(File::isFile);
  }

List files in directory recursively

  public static List<File> listAllFiles(String path) {
    var all = new ArrayList<File>();
    var list = new File(path).listFiles();

    if (list != null) {  // In case of access error, list is null
      for (var f : list) {
        if (f.isDirectory()) {
          all.addAll(listAllFiles(f.getAbsolutePath()));
        } else {
          all.add(f.getAbsoluteFile());
        }
      }
    }
    return all;
  }

Read lines from file to string list

  public static List<String> readLines(String filename) throws IOException {
    return Files.readAllLines(new File(filename).toPath());
  }

Zip file

  public static void zipFile(String srcFilename, String zipFilename) throws IOException {
    var srcFile = new File(srcFilename);
    try (
            var fileOut = new FileOutputStream(zipFilename);
            var zipOut = new ZipOutputStream(fileOut);
            var fileIn = new FileInputStream(srcFile);
    ) {
      var zipEntry = new ZipEntry(srcFile.getName());
      zipOut.putNextEntry(zipEntry);
      final var bytes = new byte[1024];
      int length;
      while ((length = fileIn.read(bytes)) >= 0) {
        zipOut.write(bytes, 0, length);
      }
    }
  }

Zip multiple files

  public static void zipFiles(String[] srcFilenames, String zipFilename) throws IOException {
    try (
      var fileOut = new FileOutputStream(zipFilename);
      var zipOut = new ZipOutputStream(fileOut);
    ) {
      for (var i=0; i<srcFilenames.length; i++) {
        var srcFile = new File(srcFilenames[i]);
        try (var fileIn = new FileInputStream(srcFile)) {
          var zipEntry = new ZipEntry(srcFile.getName());
          zipOut.putNextEntry(zipEntry);
          final var bytes = new byte[1024];
          int length;
          while ((length = fileIn.read(bytes)) >= 0) {
            zipOut.write(bytes, 0, length);
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

Zip a directory

  public static void zipDirectory (String srcDirectoryName, String zipFileName) throws IOException {
    var srcDirectory = new File(srcDirectoryName);
    try (
      var fileOut = new FileOutputStream(zipFileName);
      var zipOut = new ZipOutputStream(fileOut)
    ) {
      zipFile(srcDirectory, srcDirectory.getName(), zipOut);
    }
  }
  public static void zipFile(File fileToZip, String fileName, ZipOutputStream zipOut) 
      throws IOException {
    if (fileToZip.isHidden()) { // Ignore hidden files as standard
      return;
    }
    if (fileToZip.isDirectory()) {
      if (fileName.endsWith("/")) {
        zipOut.putNextEntry(new ZipEntry(fileName)); // To be zipped next
        zipOut.closeEntry();
      } else {
        // Add the "/" mark explicitly to preserve structure while unzipping action is performed
        zipOut.putNextEntry(new ZipEntry(fileName + "/"));
        zipOut.closeEntry();
      }
      var children = fileToZip.listFiles();
      for (var childFile : children) { // Recursively apply function to all children
        zipFile(childFile, fileName + "/" + childFile.getName(), zipOut);
      }
      return;
    }
    try (
        var fis = new FileInputStream(fileToZip) // Start zipping once we know it is a file
    ) {
      var zipEntry = new ZipEntry(fileName);
      zipOut.putNextEntry(zipEntry);
      var bytes = new byte[1024];
      var length = 0;
      while ((length = fis.read(bytes)) >= 0) {
        zipOut.write(bytes, 0, length);
      }
    }
  }

Math

Fibonacci

  public static int fibonacci(int n) {
    if (n <= 1) {
      return n;
    } else {
      return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);
    }
  }

Iterative Fibonacci

  public static int iterativeFibonacci(int number) {
    List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
    list.add(0);
    list.add(1);
    for (int i = 2; i < number + 1; i++) {
      list.add(list.get(i - 2) + list.get(i - 1));
    }
    return list.get(number);
  }

Factorial

  public static int factorial(int number) {
    var result = 1;
    for (var factor = 2; factor <= number; factor++) {
      result *= factor;
    }
    return result;
  }

Recursive Factorial

  public static int recursiveFactorial(int number) {
    var initial = 0;
    if (number == initial) {
      return initial + 1;
    }
    return number * recursiveFactorial(number - 1);
  }

Haversine formula

  // Radius of sphere on which the points are, in this case Earth.
  private static final double SPHERE_RADIUS_IN_KM = 6372.8;

  public static double findHaversineDistance(double latA, double longA, double latB, double longB) {
    if (!isValidLatitude(latA)
        || !isValidLatitude(latB)
        || !isValidLongitude(longA)
        || !isValidLongitude(longB)) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException();
    }

    // Calculate the latitude and longitude differences
    var latitudeDiff = Math.toRadians(latB - latA);
    var longitudeDiff = Math.toRadians(longB - longA);

    var latitudeA = Math.toRadians(latA);
    var latitudeB = Math.toRadians(latB);

    // Calculating the distance as per haversine formula
    var a = Math.pow(Math.sin(latitudeDiff / 2), 2)
            + Math.pow(Math.sin(longitudeDiff / 2), 2) * Math.cos(latitudeA) * Math.cos(latitudeB);
    var c = 2 * Math.asin(Math.sqrt(a));
    return SPHERE_RADIUS_IN_KM * c;
  }

  // Check for valid latitude value
  private static boolean isValidLatitude(double latitude) {
    return latitude >= -90 && latitude <= 90;
  }

  // Check for valid longitude value
  private static boolean isValidLongitude(double longitude) {
    return longitude >= -180 && longitude <= 180;
  }

Lottery

  public static Integer[] performLottery(int numNumbers, int numbersToPick) {
    var numbers = new ArrayList<Integer>();
    for(var i = 0; i < numNumbers; i++) {
      numbers.add(i+1);
    }

    Collections.shuffle(numbers);
    return numbers.subList(0, numbersToPick).toArray(new Integer[numbersToPick]);
  }

Luhn algorithm

public static int calculateLuhnChecksum(long num) {
    if (num < 0) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Non-negative numbers only.");
    }
    final var numStr = String.valueOf(num);

    var sum = 0;
    var isOddPosition = true;
    // We loop on digits in numStr from right to left.
    for (var i = numStr.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
      final var digit = Integer.parseInt(Character.toString(numStr.charAt(i)));
      final var substituteDigit = (isOddPosition ? 2 : 1) * digit;

      final var tensPlaceDigit = substituteDigit / 10;
      final var onesPlaceDigit = substituteDigit % 10;
      sum += tensPlaceDigit + onesPlaceDigit;

      isOddPosition = !isOddPosition;
    }
    final var checksumDigit = (10 - (sum % 10)) % 10;
    // Outermost modulus handles edge case `num = 0`.
    return checksumDigit;
  }

Greatest Common Divisor

  public static int gcd(int a, int b) { 
    if (b == 0) 
      return a; 
    return gcd(b, a % b);  
  }

Prime

  public static boolean isPrime(int number) {
    if (number < 3) {
      return true;
    }

    // check if n is a multiple of 2
    if (number % 2 == 0) {
      return false;
    }

    // if not, then just check the odds
    for (var i = 3; i * i <= number; i += 2) {
      if (number % i == 0) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    return true;
  }

Natural Number Binary Conversion

  public static String toBinary(long naturalNumber) {
    if (naturalNumber < 0) {
      throw new NumberFormatException("Negative Integer, this snippet only accepts "
              + "positive integers");
    }
    if (naturalNumber == 0) {
      return "0";
    }
    final Stack<Long> binaryBits =
            Stream.iterate(naturalNumber, n -> n > 0, n -> n / 2).map(n -> n % 2)
                    .collect(Stack::new, Stack::push, Stack::addAll);
    return Stream.generate(binaryBits::pop)
            .limit(binaryBits.size()).map(String::valueOf).collect(Collectors.joining());
  }
  
  public static Long fromBinary(String binary) {
    binary.chars().filter(c -> c != '0' && c != '1').findFirst().ifPresent(in -> {
      throw new NumberFormatException(
              "Binary string contains values other than '0' and '1'");
    });
    return IntStream.range(0, binary.length())
            .filter(in -> binary.charAt(binary.length() - 1 - in) == '1')
            .mapToLong(in -> ((long) 0b1) << in).sum();
  }
  

Media

Capture screen

  public static void captureScreen(String filename) throws AWTException, IOException {
    var screenSize = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize();
    var screenRectangle = new Rectangle(screenSize);
    var robot = new Robot();
    var image = robot.createScreenCapture(screenRectangle);
    ImageIO.write(image, "png", new File(filename));
  }

Networking

HTTP GET

  public static HttpResponse<String> httpGet(String uri) throws Exception {
    var client = HttpClient.newHttpClient();
    var request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
            .uri(URI.create(uri))
            .build();
    return client.send(request, BodyHandlers.ofString());
  }

HTTP POST

  public static HttpResponse<String> httpPost(String address, HashMap<String,String> arguments) 
    throws IOException, InterruptedException {
    var sj = new StringJoiner("&");
    for(var entry : arguments.entrySet()) {
      sj.add(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getKey(), "UTF-8") + "="
              + URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), "UTF-8"));
    }

    var out = sj.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    var request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
            .uri(URI.create(address))
            .headers("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8")
            .POST(BodyPublishers.ofByteArray(out))
            .build();

    return HttpClient.newHttpClient().send(request, BodyHandlers.ofString());
  }

String

Palindrome check

  public static boolean isPalindrome(String s) {
    var sb = new StringBuilder();
    for (var c : s.toCharArray()) {
      if (Character.isLetter(c)) {
        sb.append(c);
      }
    }

    var forward = sb.toString().toLowerCase();
    var backward = sb.reverse().toString().toLowerCase();
    return forward.equals(backward);
  }

Reverse string

  public static String reverseString(String s) {
    return new StringBuilder(s).reverse().toString();
  }

String to date

  public static Date stringToDate(String date, String format) throws ParseException {
    var simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(format);
    return simpleDateFormat.parse(date);
  }

Anagram Check

  public boolean isAnagram(String s1, String s2) { 
    var l1 = s1.length();
    var l2 = s2.length();
    var arr1 = new int[256];
    var arr2 = new int[256];
    if (l1 != l2) {
      return false;
    }
    
    for (var i = 0; i < l1; i++) {
      arr1[s1.charAt(i)]++;
      arr2[s2.charAt(i)]++;
    }

    return Arrays.equals(arr1, arr2);
  }

Find Levenshtein distance

  public static int findLevenshteinDistance(String word1, String word2) {
    // If word2 is empty, removing
    int[][] ans = new int[word1.length() + 1][word2.length() + 1];
    for (int i = 0; i <= word1.length(); i++) {
      ans[i][0] = i;
    }

    // if word1 is empty, adding
    for (int i = 0; i <= word2.length(); i++) {
      ans[0][i] = i;
    }

    // None is empty
    for (int i = 1; i <= word1.length(); i++) {
      for (int j = 1; j <= word2.length(); j++) {
        int min = Math.min(Math.min(ans[i][j - 1], ans[i - 1][j]), ans[i - 1][j - 1]);
        ans[i][j] = word1.charAt(i - 1) == word2.charAt(j - 1) ? ans[i - 1][j - 1] : min + 1;
      }
    }
    return ans[word1.length()][word2.length()];
  }

Compare Version

  public static int compareVersion(String v1, String v2) {
    Function<String, String[]> getVersionComponents = version -> version.replaceAll(".*?((?<!\\w)\\d+([.-]\\d+)*).*", "$1", "$1").split("\\.");

    var components1 = getVersionComponents.apply(v1);
    var components2 = getVersionComponents.apply(v2);
    int length = Math.max(components1.length, components2.length);

    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
      Integer c1 = i < components1.length ? Integer.parseInt(components1[i]) : 0;
      Integer c2 = i < components2.length ? Integer.parseInt(components2[i]) : 0;
      int result = c1.compareTo(c2);
      if (result != 0) {
        return result;
      }
    }
    return 0;
  }

Class

Get methods name

  public static List<String> getAllMethods(final Class<?> cls) {
    return Arrays.stream(cls.getDeclaredMethods())
            .map(Method::getName)
            .collect(Collectors.toList());
  }

Get public field names

  public static List<String> getAllFieldNames(final Class<?> cls) {
    return Arrays.stream(cls.getFields())
            .map(Field::getName)
            .collect(Collectors.toList());
  }

Get all field names

  public static List<String> getAllFieldNames(final Class<?> cls) {
      var fields = new ArrayList<String>();
      var currentCls = cls;
      while (currentCls != null) {
        fields.addAll(
            Arrays.stream(currentCls.getDeclaredFields())
                .filter(field -> !field.isSynthetic())
                .map(Field::getName)
                .collect(Collectors.toList()));
        currentCls = currentCls.getSuperclass();
      }
      return fields;
    }

Create object

  public static Object createObject(String cls)
            throws NoSuchMethodException,
            IllegalAccessException,
            InvocationTargetException,
            InstantiationException,
            ClassNotFoundException {
    var objectClass = Class.forName(cls);
    var objectConstructor = objectClass.getConstructor();
    return objectConstructor.newInstance();
  }

I/O

Read file by stream

  public static List<String> readFile(String fileName) throws FileNotFoundException {
    try (Stream<String> stream = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName)).lines()) {
      return stream.collect(Collectors.toList());
    }
  }

InputStream to String

  public static String inputStreamToString(InputStream inputStream) throws IOException {
    try (var reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream))) {
      var stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
      var data = reader.read();
 
      while (data != -1) {
        stringBuilder.append((char) data);
        data = reader.read();
      }
      return stringBuilder.toString();
    }
  }

Thread

Create pool of threads

  public static ExecutorService createFixedThreadPool() {
    return Executors.newFixedThreadPool(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors());
  }

Date

Add no of days to date

  public static Date addDaysToDate(Date date, int noOfDays){
    if(date!=null){
      Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
      cal.setTime(date);
      cal.add(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, noOfDays);
      return cal.getTime();
    }
    return null;
   }

Add no of days to local date

 public static LocalDate addDaysToLocalDate(LocalDate date, long noOfDays){
    return date!=null ? date.plusDays(noOfDays) : null;
 }